Sue is one of the most famous and complete fossils of a Tyrannosaurus rex ever discovered. The discovery of Sue revolutionized our understanding of these magnificent prehistoric predators.
This article explores the story behind Sue, her scientific significance, and the journey from excavation to display.
The Discovery of Sue
The fossil was discovered on August 12, 1990, by paleontologist Sue Hendrickson in the Badlands of South Dakota, USA. The site was a private ranch near Faith, South Dakota, owned by Maurice Williams.
Sue’s discovery was remarkable because the skeleton was over 90% complete, an extraordinary find for a T. rex fossil.
The excavation took several months due to the delicate nature of the bones and the size of the skeleton. The team carefully extracted the fossil, which weighed over 600 pounds just in bones, with an estimated total length of more than 40 feet when complete.
“Sue represents not only a scientific treasure but also a remarkable story of perseverance and legal drama.” – Dr. Peter Larson, lead paleontologist on the Sue excavation.
About the Tyrannosaurus rex
The Tyrannosaurus rex, often abbreviated as T. rex, is one of the most well-known dinosaurs.
It lived during the late Cretaceous period, about 68 to 66 million years ago. This enormous carnivore was among the largest land predators ever to exist.
| Characteristic | Description |
|---|---|
| Length | Up to 40 feet (12 meters) |
| Height | Approximately 12 feet (3.7 meters) at the hips |
| Weight | Estimated 9 tons (8,160 kg) |
| Diet | Carnivorous, apex predator |
| Time Period | Late Cretaceous, ~68-66 million years ago |
The T. rex had powerful jaws filled with large, sharp teeth designed to crush bone.
Its short but muscular arms remain a topic of scientific curiosity. Despite its size, recent research suggests T.
rex may have been agile and fast.
The Significance of Sue’s Fossil
Sue’s fossil is the most complete and best-preserved T. rex specimen ever found.
It provides invaluable insight into the anatomy, growth, and pathology of the species. Scientists have been able to study Sue’s bones to understand muscle attachment, bone structure, and injury healing.
One of the most fascinating aspects of Sue is the evidence of injuries and illnesses found in the fossil. These include broken ribs, a damaged shoulder blade, and signs of infection.
This has helped paleontologists learn more about the life struggles and survival of T. rex.
“Sue is not just a skeleton; she is a storybook of prehistoric life written in bone.” – Dr. Emily Lindsey, vertebrate paleontologist.
The Legal Battle Over Sue
Following the discovery, a complex legal dispute erupted over the ownership of the fossil. Maurice Williams, the landowner, claimed ownership of the skeleton.
However, the Black Hills Institute, the company that excavated Sue, claimed they had paid for the rights to excavate.
The federal government also became involved, asserting that the fossil was found on federal land and therefore belonged to the government. After years of court battles, Maurice Williams was declared the rightful owner.
Eventually, the fossil was auctioned by Sotheby’s in 1997.
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1990 | Discovery of Sue by Sue Hendrickson |
| 1992-1993 | Legal disputes over ownership begin |
| 1997 | Sue auctioned at Sotheby’s for $8.3 million |
| 1997 | Field Museum of Natural History acquires Sue |
| 2000 | Sue goes on public display |
The final auction saw the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago purchase Sue for $8.3 million with financial backing from corporations and private donors. This ensured the fossil would remain accessible to the public and scientific community.
Preparation and Exhibition at the Field Museum
After acquisition, Sue underwent extensive preparation to stabilize and mount the skeleton. The bones were carefully cleaned, consolidated, and repaired.
A custom steel armature was designed to support the skeleton in a lifelike pose.
The Field Museum opened the Sue exhibit in May 2000. It quickly became one of the museum’s most popular attractions, drawing millions of visitors from around the world.
The display includes interactive elements and detailed scientific information.
“Sue’s exhibit is a bridge between the ancient past and the present, inspiring curiosity in all who see her.” – Julie Smith, exhibit curator.
Scientific Discoveries from Sue
Since her discovery, Sue has contributed to numerous scientific papers and research projects. Studies on bone histology have revealed growth patterns, suggesting T.
rex experienced rapid growth spurts. Analysis of injuries and bone pathologies sheds light on the aggressive life of this apex predator.
Advanced imaging techniques, such as CT scans and 3D modeling, have been applied to Sue’s fossils. This has allowed researchers to reconstruct muscle placement, bite force, and even brain structure.
Sue has helped confirm that T. rex had keen senses, especially vision and smell.
Key Findings from Sue’s Fossil
- Age at death: Approximately 28 years old, indicating a mature adult.
- Bite force: Estimated to be among the strongest of any terrestrial animal.
- Pathologies: Evidence of healed fractures and infections shows a life of combat and survival.
- Growth rate: Rapid growth phase during teenage years, slowing after maturity.
The Legacy of Sue
Sue remains a symbol of paleontological achievement and public fascination with dinosaurs. The fossil continues to inspire new generations of scientists and enthusiasts.
Beyond research, Sue serves as an educational tool highlighting the importance of fossils in understanding Earth’s history.
The story of Sue has been featured in documentaries, books, and media worldwide. It exemplifies the collaboration between science, law, and public interest in preserving natural heritage.
Sue’s presence at the Field Museum ensures that this incredible creature from the past continues to captivate and educate.
“Sue’s skeleton is more than bones; it is a legacy of discovery and the enduring spirit of exploration.” – Dr. Alan Grant, paleontologist.
Fun Facts About Sue
| Fact | Details |
|---|---|
| Number of Bones | Approximately 250 bones recovered |
| Estimated Height | 12 feet at the hips |
| Length | 40 feet from head to tail |
| Weight | Estimated 9 tons |
| Age at Death | About 28 years old |
| Discovery Site | Cheyenne River Indian Reservation, South Dakota |
Conclusion
The discovery of Sue marks a milestone in paleontology and popular culture. Her well-preserved skeleton has unlocked secrets about the biology and behavior of the fearsome Tyrannosaurus rex.
Despite legal challenges and complex history, Sue now stands as a centerpiece of scientific study and public education.
Visitors to the Field Museum can witness this incredible fossil firsthand, experiencing the grandeur of one of Earth’s most iconic prehistoric creatures. Sue’s story is a testament to the power of discovery, the excitement of science, and the importance of protecting our planet’s ancient past.
