When it comes to writing about academic achievements, one question that often arises is whether to capitalize degree names. It’s a small detail, but mastering it can enhance the professionalism and clarity of your writing.
Degree names like bachelor of science or master of arts carry different capitalization rules depending on context, and understanding when and how to apply these rules can improve both formal documents and casual mentions.
Whether you’re drafting a resume, writing a cover letter, or preparing an academic transcript, knowing the conventions around capitalization can help you present your credentials accurately and confidently.
Capitalization in degree names is tied closely to grammar rules and style guides, which can vary based on the region or institution. The nuance might seem subtle, but it reflects respect for the formality of academic achievements.
It also ensures your writing looks polished, especially in professional or academic settings. If you’re wondering about the difference between capitalizing “Bachelor of Science” versus “bachelor’s degree in science,” this post will clarify these distinctions and offer practical advice.
Understanding The Basics of Capitalizing Degree Names
Before diving into specific rules, it’s important to grasp the general principles behind capitalizing degree names. The key lies in whether the degree is being mentioned as a formal title or in a generic sense.
This distinction influences whether the words are capitalized or not.
Formal degree titles are typically capitalized when they directly follow a person’s name or serve as a proper noun. Conversely, generic references to degrees are usually lowercase.
For instance, “She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree” uses capitalization because it is a formal title, while “She earned a bachelor’s degree in arts” is lowercase because it is descriptive rather than titular.
Key distinctions include:
- Capitalizing degree names when used as official titles
- Lowercasing degree names when used descriptively or generically
- The role of context in determining capitalization
“Proper nouns deserve capitalization, and formal degree titles are no exception. However, when the degree name serves as a general description, lowercase is the way to go.” – Style Guide Expert
Capitalization Rules for Formal Degree Titles
When referring to a degree as a formal title, capitalization is necessary to show respect for the qualification and maintain proper grammar. This often happens when the degree name follows a person’s name or is used as an official credential.
For example, a sentence like “John Smith, Bachelor of Science” uses capitalization because the degree acts as a formal title, similar to a professional designation. It is also capitalized in official documents such as diplomas, resumes, and academic records.
Common formal degree titles that require capitalization include:
- Bachelor of Arts
- Master of Business Administration
- Doctor of Philosophy
When To Capitalize After a Name
Degree names following a person’s name are capitalized because they function like titles or credentials. This usage is similar to including “MD” or “Esq.” after a name.
For instance:
- Jane Doe, Master of Science
- Michael Lee, Doctor of Medicine
In these cases, capitalization is a signal of formality and correct style, especially in professional or academic settings.
Lowercase Usage in Generic Degree References
When degree names are mentioned in a general or descriptive way, rather than as formal titles, they are typically written in lowercase. This is common in casual writing or when the degree is described rather than formally named.
For example, “She has a bachelor’s degree in psychology” uses lowercase because the phrase is not a formal title but a description of the qualification. Similarly, “He is pursuing a master’s degree in engineering” keeps the degree lowercase.
This approach applies to most academic writing, including essays, letters, and informal documents.
“Using lowercase for generic degree descriptions helps keep the tone conversational and avoids unnecessary formality.” – Academic Writing Specialist
Examples of Lowercase Degree References
- bachelor’s degree in biology
- master’s degree in education
- doctoral degree in chemistry
Note that the words “bachelor’s,” “master’s,” and “doctoral” are lowercase unless part of a formal title.
Capitalizing Degree Abbreviations
Abbreviations for degrees are almost always capitalized, regardless of context. These abbreviations represent the formal name of the degree and are widely recognized as professional or academic credentials.
Common abbreviations include:
- BA – Bachelor of Arts
- BS – Bachelor of Science
- MBA – Master of Business Administration
- PhD – Doctor of Philosophy
These are used in resumes, academic papers, and professional correspondence to succinctly indicate someone’s qualifications.
Guidelines for Using Abbreviations
When listing degrees in abbreviated form, capitalize all letters, and avoid periods in most modern styles, though some institutions may prefer periods (e.g., Ph.D.). Consistency is key.
For example:
- Emily Johnson, PhD
- Mark Allen holds an MBA from a top university
Abbreviations should be spelled out on first mention in formal writing, followed by the abbreviation in parentheses, after which the abbreviation can be used alone.
Variations Based on Style Guides and Regions
Different style guides and regional conventions can influence how you capitalize degree names. For example, the APA, Chicago Manual of Style, and MLA each have their own nuanced rules.
In American English, it is customary to capitalize formal degree titles but lowercase generic mentions. British English tends to favor lowercase more consistently, even in formal contexts.
| Style Guide | Capitalization Rule | Example |
| APA | Capitalize formal degree titles only | Bachelor of Arts (capitalized formal title) |
| Chicago Manual of Style | Capitalize degree names when used as formal titles | Master of Science (formal title) |
| British English | Lowercase degree names more often, even in formal contexts | master of science (lowercase) |
Being aware of your audience and the style guide in use will help you decide the correct capitalization approach.
Capitalization in Academic and Professional Documents
In resumes, CVs, and official transcripts, capitalization of degree names is important for clarity and professionalism. Formal degree titles should always be capitalized in these documents.
Using proper capitalization in these contexts adds credibility and makes your achievements stand out. It also aligns with institutional standards and expectations.
Here are some tips to keep in mind:
- Always capitalize full official degree titles on resumes
- Use abbreviations consistently and correctly
- Lowercase degree references in cover letters or personal statements unless used formally
For example, a resume entry might read:
Master of Arts in English Literature, University of XYZ
While a sentence in a cover letter might say:
I earned my master’s degree in English Literature from the University of XYZ.
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Many writers unintentionally mix capitalization styles when referring to degrees, leading to inconsistencies or errors. Common mistakes include capitalizing generic degree names or failing to capitalize formal titles.
Another frequent error is mixing abbreviations and full names improperly, such as writing “bachelor of Science (BS)” without consistent capitalization.
To avoid these errors:
- Decide whether you are using a formal title or a generic reference
- Follow the chosen style guide consistently
- Proofread documents carefully for capitalization errors
- Use resources like dictionaries or official university style guides when in doubt
“Consistency in capitalization conveys professionalism and attention to detail, especially in academic and career contexts.” – Professional Editor
Special Cases: Interdisciplinary and New Degree Names
With the emergence of new interdisciplinary degrees and creative naming conventions, deciding on capitalization can sometimes be tricky. Degrees like “Bachelor of Science in Environmental Policy” or “Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing” combine multiple fields and require careful capitalization.
The general rule is to capitalize the formal degree name and the specific field if it is part of the official title. However, if the field is used descriptively, it may remain lowercase.
For example:
- Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering (formal, all capitalized)
- bachelor’s degree in computer engineering (generic, lowercase)
When in doubt, checking the official degree title as awarded by the institution is the best practice. This ensures accuracy and respect for the credential.
Emerging Degree Trends
New degrees often blend traditional disciplines, which can confuse capitalization. For example, “Master of Science in Data Science and Analytics” is a formal title and should be capitalized accordingly.
It’s helpful to refer to university catalogs or official documents for confirmation. These sources can also help you avoid errors when describing your qualifications.
Conclusion: Mastering Degree Name Capitalization for Clear Communication
Understanding when to capitalize degree names is a subtle but powerful way to improve your writing and showcase your academic achievements properly. Capitalization depends largely on context — whether the degree name is used as a formal title or in a generic descriptive way.
Knowing this distinction helps you communicate clearly and professionally.
Whether you’re updating your resume, drafting an academic paper, or simply sharing your educational background, applying the right capitalization rules reflects your attention to detail and respect for formal conventions.
Remember that abbreviations are always capitalized, while generic references to degrees remain lowercase. By following established style guides and institutional norms, you ensure your writing is polished and credible.
Taking the time to master these conventions also helps avoid common mistakes that can distract or confuse readers. If you want to deepen your understanding of naming conventions and meanings, you might find insights in posts like what does the name barrett meaning reveal about you?
or explore Should Class Names Be Capitalized? Best Practices Explained for related capitalization tips.
For a broader look at naming and usage, What Does Name Piper Mean? Origins and Popularity Explained offers fascinating insights.
